The vast majority of bony fishes reproduce sexually. While some bony fishes bear live young, most fish are egg-layers (oviparous). Many small eggs are laid by the female in clumps. Males produce milky sperm that either fertilizes the eggs during mating or after they have been laid. Making an underwater nest is challenging, but some bony fishes do build nests by hollowing out a place in the sand, blowing a cluster of bubbles, or sticking aquatic plants together. A few bony fishes even incubate the eggs in their mouths. Nests are often defended by males, females, or both. Survival of eggs is low, as they make a tasty meal for many predators. Humans enjoy them as the delicacy “caviar.” A single female may lay thousands or even millions of eggs in her lifetime, with only a handful of offspring making it to maturity. Offspring (larva) tend to shelter in different habitats than adults until their bodies mature.
Bowfin
Amia calva