Auditory ossicles; left malleus; part of right malleus; left incus.
- Catalog Number:
- 67354
- Object/Specimen Description:
- Specimen Count:
- 1
- Sex:
- Female
- Cabinet:
- 15
- Drawer/Shelf:
- 06
- Upper Level Taxonomy:
- Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Tetrapoda, Mammalia, Theria, Proboscidea, Elephantidae
Elephants are the only proboscids on Earth today, relics of a group that used to have dozens of species. While the earliest proboscids were large animals (about the size of ponies), over time proboscids evolved to be huge. Not only bigger bodies, but also the evolution of long trunks and tusks added to their weight. The biggest proboscid, now extinct, was Mammuthus trogontherii, weighing in at about 9000 kilograms (about 20,000 pounds). Compare that to a modern, male African elephant at a modest 6000 kilograms. To maintain their weight, proboscid skeletons have sturdy limb bones, and feet whose toes are spread and supported by connective tissue to form a strong base. An elephant must eat several hundred kilograms of food every day to get enough calories. Their diet consists entirely of plants, which get processed by massive, ridged molars and a long intestinal system.